Resumen

Ageing is a universal phenomenon for human beings; in the early stages developmental memory is more active, but deteriorates in aging. This stage is is characterized by the gradual decrease of the different sensory functions, motor functions and the reduction of cognitive capacity (Papalia, Duskin, Martorell, 2012; Garamendi, Delgado y Amaya, 2010). After 55 years of age, older adults show changes in the cognitive functioning and performance as alterations in the attentional capacity, the network of alert, inhibitory control mechanisms, decline in executive functions and difficulties of access to the lexicon (Gerling, Schulte, Smeddinck, Masuch, 2012). Consequently, it generates restriction of autonomy and confidence in the older adult when carrying out activities (Ferracini and Ramírez, 2015). In Colombia, the population over 60 years of age is 5.2 million people. correspond to 10.8 per cent of the total population, with a forecast for the next 20 years of a gradual increase of the older adult population (Fedesarrollo and Fundación Saldarriaga Concha, 2015). In the world it is predicted that by the year 2050, the increase of the population over 60 years of age would age represents about half of the world's total population growth, plus 79 per cent of the world's population. of people over 60 will live in developing countries (United Nations, 2007). In Today, old age is more unprotected; it has been related to dependency, the lack of protection disease and lack of productivity, because they do not have access to economic benefits, social and academic.