Examinando por Materia "Latin America"
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- PublicaciónSólo datosCOVID-19 Bereavement in Ten Latin American Countries: Measurement Invariance of the Pandemic Grief Scale and Its Relation to Suicidal Ideation(Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 2021-10-01) Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomás; Valencia, Pablo D; Vilca, Wildman; Lee, Sherman A.; Carbajal-León, Carlos; Vivanco-Vidal, Andrea; Reyes - Bossio, Mario; White, Michael; Rojas-Jara, Claudio; Polanco-Carrasco, Roberto; Gallegos, Miguel; Cervigni, Mauricio; Martino, Pablo; Palacios, Diego Alejandro; Moreta-Herrera, Rodrigo; Samaniego Pinho, Antonio; Lobos-Rivera, Marlon Elías; Buschiazzo, Andrés; Puerta-Cortés, Diana Ximena; Corrales-Reyes, Ibraín Enrique; Calderón, Raymundo; Pinto Tapia, Bismarck; Franco Ferrari, Ilka; Flores-Mendoza, Carmen; Arias Gallegos, Walter LizandroThe present study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS) in ten Latin American countries. A total of 2,321 people who had lost a family member or other loved one due to COVID-19 participated, with a mean age of 34.22 years old (SD = 11.99). In addition to the PGS, a single item of suicidal ideation was applied. The unidimensional model of the PGS had adequate fit in most countries and good reliability estimates. There was evidence of measurement invariance by country and gender. Also, a one-point increase in the PGS was associated with an almost twofold increase in the odds of suicidal ideation. Scores greater than or equal to 4 on the PGS are proposed as a cut off to identify individuals with suicidal ideation. Strong evidence of the cross-cultural validity of the PGS is provided.
- PublicaciónSólo datosCross-cultural validation of the new version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale in twelve Latin American countries(Current Psychology, 2022-01-19) Caycho‑Rodríguez, Tomás; Valencia, Pablo D.; Vilca, Lindsey W.; Carbajal‑León, Carlos; Vivanco‑Vidal, Andrea; Saroli‑Araníbar, Daniela; Reyes‑Bossio, Mario; White, Michel; Rojas‑Jara, Claudio; Polanco‑Carrasco, Roberto; Gallegos, Miguel; Cervign, Mauricio; Martino, Pablo; Palacios, Diego Alejandro; Moreta‑Herrera, Rodrigo; Samaniego‑Pinho, Antonio; Lobos‑Rivera, Marlon Elías; Buschiazzo Figares, Andrés; Puerta‑Cortés, Diana Ximena; Corrales‑Reyes, Ibraín Enrique; Calderón, Raymundo; Pinto Tapia, Bismarck; Franco Ferrar, Ilka; Flores‑Mendoza, CarmenThe Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) was recently developed to assess dysfunctional anxiety related to COVID-19. Although diferent studies reported that the CAS is psychometrically sound, it is unclear whether it is invariant across countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the measurement invariance of the CAS in twelve Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay). A total of 5196 people participated, with a mean age of 34.06 (SD=26.54). Multigroup confrmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the measurement invariance of the CAS across countries and gender. Additionally, the graded response model (GRM) was used to provide a global representation of the representativeness of the scale with respect to the COVID19 dysfunctional anxiety construct. The unidimensional structure of the fve-item CAS was not confrmed in all countries. Therefore, it was suggested that a four-item model of the CAS (CAS-4) provides a better ft across the twelve countries and reliable scores. Multigroup CFA showed that the CAS-4 exhibits scalar invariance across all twelve countries and all genders. In addition, the CAS-4 items are more informative at average and high levels of COVID-19 dysfunctional anxiety than at lower levels. According to the results, the CAS-4 is an instrument with strong cross-cultural validity and is suitable for cross-cultural comparisons of COVID-19 dysfunctional anxiety symptoms in the general population of the twelve Latin American countries evaluated.
- PublicaciónSólo datosFrom causal loop diagrams to future scenarios: Using the cross-impact balance method to augment understanding of urban health in Latin America(Social Science and Medicine, 2021-06-21) Stankov, Ivana; Useche, Andrés Felipe; Meisel, Jose D.; Montes, Felipe; Morais, Lidia MO.; Friche, Amelia AL.; Langellier, Brent A.; Hovmand, Peter; Sarmiento, Olga Lucia; Hammond, Ross A.; Diez Roux, Ana V.Urban health is shaped by a system of factors spanning multiple levels and scales, and through a complex set of interactions. Building on causal loop diagrams developed via several group model building workshops, we apply the cross-impact balance (CIB) method to understand the strength and nature of the relationships between factors in the food and transportation system, and to identify possible future urban health scenarios (i.e., permutations of factor states that impact health in cities). We recruited 16 food and transportation system experts spanning private, academic, non-government, and policy sectors from six Latin American countries to complete an interviewer-assisted questionnaire. The questionnaire, which was pilot tested on six researchers, used a combination of questions and visual prompts to elicit participants’ perceptions about the bivariate relationships between 11 factors in the food and transportation system. Each participant answered questions related to a unique set of relationships within their domain of expertise. Using CIB analysis, we identified 21 plausible future scenarios for the system. In the baseline model, ‘healthy’ scenarios (with low chronic disease, high physical activity, and low consumption of highly processed foods) were characterized by high public transportation subsidies, low car use, high street safety, and high free time, illustrating the links between transportation, free time and dietary behaviors. In analyses of interventions, low car use, high public transport subsidies and high free time were associated with the highest proportion of factors in a healthful state and with high proportions of ‘healthy’ scenarios. High political will for social change also emerged as critically important in promoting healthy systems and urban health outcomes. The CIB method can play a novel role in augmenting understandings of complex urban systems by enabling insights into future scenarios that can be used alongside other approaches to guide urban health policy planning and action.
- PublicaciónSólo datosFrom causal loop diagrams to future scenarios: Using the cross-impact balance method to augment understanding of urban health in Latin America(Social Science and Medicine, 2021-06-21) Stankov, Ivana; Useche, Andrés F.; Meisel, Jose D.; Montes, Felipe; Morais, Lidia MO.; Friche, Amelia AL.; Langellier, Brent A.; Hovmand, Peter; Sarmiento, Olga L.; Hammond, Ross A.; Diez Roux, Ana V.Urban health is shaped by a system of factors spanning multiple levels and scales, and through a complex set of interactions. Building on causal loop diagrams developed via several group model building workshops, we apply the cross-impact balance (CIB) method to understand the strength and nature of the relationships between factors in the food and transportation system, and to identify possible future urban health scenarios (i.e., permutations of factor states that impact health in cities). We recruited 16 food and transportation system experts spanning private, academic, non-government, and policy sectors from six Latin American countries to complete an interviewer-assisted questionnaire. The questionnaire, which was pilot tested on six researchers, used a combination of questions and visual prompts to elicit participants’ perceptions about the bivariate relationships between 11 factors in the food and transportation system. Each participant answered questions related to a unique set of relationships within their domain of expertise. Using CIB analysis, we identified 21 plausible future scenarios for the system. In the baseline model, ‘healthy’ scenarios (with low chronic disease, high physical activity, and low consumption of highly processed foods) were characterized by high public transportation subsidies, low car use, high street safety, and high free time, illustrating the links between transportation, free time and dietary behaviors. In analyses of interventions, low car use, high public transport subsidies and high free time were associated with the highest proportion of factors in a healthful state and with high proportions of ‘healthy’ scenarios. High political will for social change also emerged as critically important in promoting healthy systems and urban health outcomes. The CIB method can play a novel role in augmenting understandings of complex urban systems by enabling insights into future scenarios that can be used alongside other approaches to guide urban health policy planning and action.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoJornadas de Investigación en Política y Derecho: Vol. 1(Ediciones Unibagué, 2018-09) Ramírez López, Adriana María; Lara Delgado, Carolina; Rodríguez Acevedo, Juan Manuel; Rojas Rodríguez, Natalia; Barrero Leal, Oscar Leonardo; Sánchez Castañeda, Paola Andrea; López Rodríguez, Alison; Barreto Posada, Claudia Patricia; Barrera Alvira, César Andrés; Torres Reyes, César Emilio; Arana Franco, Diana Carolina; Castillo Yara, Esperanza; Troncoso Estrada, Olga Lucía; Gómez Martínez, Wilman Fernando
- PublicaciónSólo datosLife expectancy and mortality in 363 cities of Latin America(Nature Medicine, 2021-02-25) Bilal, Usama; Hessel, Philipp; Perez-Ferrer, Carolina; Michael, Yvonne L.; Alfaro, Tania; Tenorio-Mucha, Janeth; Friche, Amelia A. L.; Pina, Maria Fatima; Vives, Alejandra; Quick, Harrison; Alazraqui, Marcio; Rodriguez, Daniel A.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Diez-Roux, Ana V.; the SALURBAL groupThe concept of a so-called urban advantage in health ignores the possibility of heterogeneity in health outcomes across cities. Using a harmonized dataset from the SALURBAL project, we describe variability and predictors of life expectancy and proportionate mortality in 363 cities across nine Latin American countries. Life expectancy differed substantially across cities within the same country. Cause-specific mortality also varied across cities, with some causes of death (unintentional and violent injuries and deaths) showing large variation within countries, whereas other causes of death (communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional, cancer, cardiovascular disease and other noncommunicable diseases) varied substantially between countries. In multivariable mixed models, higher levels of education, water access and sanitation and less overcrowding were associated with longer life expectancy, a relatively lower proportion of communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional deaths and a higher proportion of deaths from cancer, cardiovascular disease and other noncommunicable diseases. These results highlight considerable heterogeneity in life expectancy and causes of death across cities of Latin America, revealing modifiable factors that could be amenable to urban policies aimed toward improving urban health in Latin America and more generally in other urban environments.
- PublicaciónSólo datosUrban Transformations and Health: Methods for TrUST—a Natural Experiment Evaluating the Impacts of a Mass Transit Cable Car in Bogotá, Colombia(Frontiers in Public Health, 2020-03-10) Sarmiento, Olga L.; Higuera-Mendieta, Diana; Wilches-Mogollon, Maria A.; Guzman, Luis A.; Rodríguez, Daniel A.; Morales, Ricardo; Bedoya, Claudia; Linares-Vásquez, Mario; Arévalo, Maria Isabel; Martínez-Herrera, Eliana; Montes, Felipe; Meisel, Jose D.; Useche, Andrés F.; García, Elizabeth; Triana, Camilo A.; Medaglia, Andrés L.; Hessel, Philipp; Arellana, Julián; Moncada, Carlos; King, Abby C.; Diez Roux, Ana V.Cable cars provide urban mobility benefits for vulnerable populations. However, no evaluation has assessed cable cars' impact from a health perspective. TransMiCable in Bogotá, Colombia, provides a unique opportunity to (1) assess the effects of its implementation on the environmental and social determinants of health (microenvironment pollution, transport accessibility, physical environment, employment, social capital, and leisure time), physical activity, and health outcomes (health-related quality of life, respiratory diseases, and homicides); and (2) use citizen science methods to identify, prioritize, and communicate the most salient negative and positive features impacting health and quality of life in TransMiCable's area, as well as facilitate a consensus and advocacy-building change process among community members, policymakers, and academic researchers.
- PublicaciónSólo datosUsing community-based system dynamics modeling to understand the complex systems that influence health in cities: The SALURBAL study(Health & Place, 2019-10-03) Langellier, Brent A.; Kuhlberg, Jill A.; Ballard, Ellis A.; Slesinski, S. Claire; Stankov, Ivana; Gouveia, Nelson; Meisel, Jose D.; Kroker, Fernanda; Sarmiento, Olga L.; Teixeira Caiaffa, Waleska; Diez Roux, AnaWe discuss the design, implementation, and results of a collaborative process designed to elucidate the complex systems that drive food behaviors, transport, and health in Latin American cities and to build capacity for systems thinking and community-based system dynamics (CBSD) methods among diverse research team members and stakeholders. During three CBSD workshops, 62 stakeholders from 10 Latin American countries identified 98 variables and a series of feedback loops that shape food behaviors, transportation and health, along with 52 policy levers. Our findings suggest that CBSD can engage local stakeholders, help them view problems through the lens of complex systems and use their insights to prioritize research efforts and identify novel solutions that consider mechanisms of complexity.