Examinando por Materia "Contaminación"
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- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoCuantificación de la huella hídrica de la Universidad de Ibagué(Universidad de Ibagué, 2020) Zabala Reyes, Johan Nicolas; Guerra Parra, Jonathan Stevel; Montoya Vanegas, NataliaThe Water Footprint (HH) is an indicator of fresh water, refers to the use of water both directly and indirectly for a product, process, and consumer or in aZgeographically defined area, in this case, the HH will be calculated in the facilities of the University of Ibagué. The HH is important since it allows us to know the water consumption that the University is using in its processes or services, as well as to analyze aspects to be improved in terms of reducing water consumption and being more efficient in the use that is being given to it, and includes an evaluation of sustainability, that is, water is evaluated from an environmental, social and economic perspective, (Gobierno de Aragón, n.d.). For this reason, the decision was made to use the Water Footprint assessment methodology described by the International Network The Water Footprint Assessment Manual, as an indicator of the sustainability of water use at the University of Ibagué. This is a research that will make it possible to quantify the water footprint with an individual analysis of the components of the water footprint (blue and grey) and thus know how much water enters the facilities and how much each inhabitant of the University of Ibagué consumes. On the other hand, this study will allow the establishment of new control policies and the formulation of new plans for collisions inside the University facilities.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoDinámica espacio temporal de índices espectrales y su relación con parámetros hidrológicos en la zona sur del departamento del Tolima(Universidad de Ibagué., 2019) Mazuera Hernandez, Daniel; Martinez Garzon, David Fernando; Hernández López, Jorge ArmandoThe contamination by fixed sources is causing adverse effects on the environment. This causes physical, chemical and biological alterations for the planet's soil, as well as effects on vegetation cover, presence of water and surface temperature. To carry out the study, satellite images from southern Tolima taken from the Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were used, which were obtained through the geological service page of the United States (USGS). The atmospheric correction of the images was carried out using the IDRISI Selva software. The NDVI, NDWI and surface temperature were processed and analysed with the help of the Geographic Information Systems (GIS), using the ArcGIS 10.3 software. From 1989 to 2018 there is a loss of vegetation (15%) and water resources (9500Ha) in the flatter areas of southern Tolima, were directly affected by high temperatures (greater than 24˚C). On the other hand, in the high zones that lost vegetal cover (5%) and presence of water (2500Ha), its temperature did not increase.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoDiseño y evaluación de la intervención integral del sector de la avenida Ambalá con calle 60(Universidad de Ibagué, 2019) Ocampo Hernández, Mario Fernando; Molano Gutiérrez, Miguel Ángel; Zuluaga Villermo, Juan GuillermoFor the particular case of the present investigation, an integral intervention of the Ambala avenue sector with 60th street is planned, which consists in the use of the public space of the city of Ibagué changing the physical state of the existing roundabout, eliminating access direct from 60th Street to the "roundabout" and generated a new return between 61st Street and 62nd Street with Ambala Avenue; The designed alternative seeks to improve the efficiency of the intersection by improving mobility and public spaces but always with the focus of prioritizing non-motorized means of transport.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoDistribución espacial de la contaminación por fuentes fijas y su relación con parámetros hidrológicos en la zona norte del departamento del Tolima.(Universidad de Ibagué, 2019) Grisales Henao, Sebastian; Cuellar Gutiérrez, Mateo; Hernández López, Jorge ArmandoClimate change is perhaps one of the biggest problems that we can see in our day to day, it is caused by the use of fossil fuels, cutting down trees, exploitation of land for agricultural use and socio-economic aspects of the area. This causes changes in the temperature, flow of the tributaries and vegetation cover. In this work, satellite images from northern Tolima taken from the geological service page of the United States (USGS) will be used. These images will be analyzed with geographic information system (SIG) specifically with ArcMap to determine the behavior of changes in surface temperature. (TS), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) this in order to evaluate the spatial time distribution of the hydrological parameters in the northern area of the department of Tolima. In this study we are in the decade of 1980-1990 and 2010-2020, in the section of coverage of water and water coverage, this is because in the studied area has been implementing many rice crops leaving aside the cattle raising.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoEstimación de las emisiones contaminantes asociadas al parque automotor de la ciudad de Ibagué utilizando el modelo IVE(Universidad de Ibagué, 2019) Guzmán Bonilla, Juan Camilo; cerón Cleves, Luisa María; Jiménez Pérez, Edgar RamiroThe emissions generated by mobile sources is one of the main causes of pollution in Colombia. In Ibague the figures from the Secretaría de Tránsito, Transporte y de la Movilidad show that the growth in the number of motor vehicles seems to have already reached its peak (Ibagué Como vamos, 2017), the increase in these and the lack of awareness on the part of the population generates exaggerated pollution figures, which forge as a consequence not only harmful effects for the environment but also for the health of the human, different studies have been carried out based on the estimation of emissions from mobile sources by the Secretaria de Transporte as well as students from different careers and universities in which some of them have used as a tool the international model of vehicle emissions IVE (International Vehicle Emissions Model), to estimate emissions such as: particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide sulfur (SO2) and photochemical oxidants, among others, provided by the program. The purpose of this project is to estimate the inventory of emissions from mobile sources in the city of Ibagué based on the vehicle fleet granted by the Ministry of Traffic and Transportation from the year 1.938 to 2.017 through the IVE model, characterizing the database provided according to the requirements of the program, as well as with the help of field tests, and a vehicular capacity for the collection of information such as: driving patterns and levels of vehicular activity on a daily basis, in one working week. For data collection, three types of roads (highways, arterial roads, residential roads), representative of this city, were selected and personnel were also available, in order to have a clear vision of what each pollutant generates with respect to the city of Ibagué, comparing it with the Colombian environmental regulations of the del Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, Resolución 910 de 2008 other pertinent studies and the degree of contamination along a stretch of road.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoEvaluación de las propiedades mecánicas del asfalto modificado con la ceniza de la cascarilla del arroz (CCA)(Universidad de Ibagué, 2022) Riaño Enciso, Karol Liseth; Gómez Hurtado, Johan Alejandro; Salazar Susanaga, María PaulaLa presente monografía tuvo como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento del asfalto convencional modificado con la ceniza de la cascarilla del arroz (CCA), el cual es un residuo generado por la molienda del arroz, y al ser utilizado como agente modificador se buscó mejorar las propiedades físicas y mecánicas del asfalto. Se utilizaron tres porcentajes diferentes de ceniza (5.5, 6, 6.5), con el fin de analizar cómo se comporta el asfalto y cuál es el porcentaje óptimo para mejorar las propiedades. Para dicho análisis se realizaron los laboratorios de la norma de ensayos de materiales de carretera (INV E) Sección 700 los cuales fueron: el ensayo de punto de ablandamiento, adherencia de bandeja, penetración, stripping, y de viscosidad rotacional. Al realizar el análisis de resultados se observó que en el ensayo de adherencia de bandeja al adicionar el 6.5% de CCA al asfalto, la reacción a la adherencia disminuyo con respecto a las demás muestras, siendo el 6% el mejor resultado arrojado debido a la capacidad de adherencia del 44% de ceniza de la cascarilla del arroz. Así mismo, en los demás ensayos de laboratorio se obtuvieron resultados superiores en la muestra modificada con el 6%, lo cual permitió concluir que la adición en dicha cantidad de CCA en el asfalto es el porcentaje óptimo que mejora las propiedades mecánicas, aportando a la durabilidad de la carpeta asfáltica.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoEvaluación del río Chípalo con fines de restauración(Universidad de Ibagué, 2019) Aguirre basto, Alejandro; Cuellar, Diego Alejandro; Navarro, Iveth JohanaThe reason why this study is carried out, it is because that the Chípalo river, besides being a river that crosses the city of Ibagué and has permanent contact with its inhabitants, is a tributary that supplies community aqueducts in some neighborhoods of the city , in addition, this tributary is used to the north of Tolima to supply the agricultural sector, therefore, with a study demonstrating the contamination that the river presents, one of the most relevant problems that shows us in the study carried out by the environmental agency of the municipality of Ibague in the year 2010 is that great pollution is detected in some sectors of the tributary, thanks to this contamination of large odors detected that are not very pleasant, that with the passage of time can cause diseases to the inhabitants that surrounds the river, which is possible to act on the tributary and therefore positively affect the city, its inhabitants and people who are supplied with their water. For the described, this work of degree has as a general objective the environmental assessment of the Chípalo river basin, taking into account studies carried out in the river and the evaluation is carried out only with secondary information that frames variables related to the environment and a possible field recognition, the methodologies applied in this degree work are the product of the research carried out by the director of this degree work, who proposes the use of them in the Chípalo River. As is understandable, the application of each method requires the use of certain types of information for its proper execution, so it is necessary to have a significant amount of information from the case study, which requires a prior bibliographic review, and given the conditions and availability of resources, a recognition of the study area, this with the purpose of supplying the information required by the methods for the execution of the evaluation and from here determining which of them can environmentally evaluate the river or any of its characteristics, effectively with the information available. The methodologies assigned, prior to the execution of this project, by the director are six, two of them based on landscape and geomorphological observation methods, for which a series of data collected in the field is needed, the third evaluates the vegetation cover of the rivers through analysis of satellite images, the fourth is evaluated flows, in order to determine the self-purification capacity of river waters, I feel this methodology developed for urban canalized rivers, the methodology removed uses information of annual, monthly, means and maximum, to determine the water quality of the river, finally it was intended to make the execution of a method whose purpose is to determine the quality of the water by analyzing the populations of aquatic macroinvertebrates that inhabit the riverbed. The application of the respective methodologies yields results of visual contamination, deterioration or increase of vegetation cover, fluvial auto purification, water quality and ecological flow necessary for the subsistence of ecosystems along the riverbed, it should be emphasized that all these results require secondary information for the execution of said methodologies. With all the evaluations ready, we proceed to analyze the environmental status taking into account all the results and finally we conclude how the basin is and we recommend some actions to be taken to try to improve and mitigate the pollution in the basin. This report served as support for a case of popular action carried out by the legal office of the University of Ibagué, which is why the methodologies for visual recognition, RFV and RQI, were carried out in the company of the representatives who take the case. As a result of this work, the methodologies were automated through spreadsheets programmed in Visual Basic, which makes it possible to evaluate the other parameters through methodologies that were not possible to apply when the information they require is available.
- PublicaciónRestringidoOVA: Contaminación de las aguas superficiales(Centro de Innovación Educativa ÁVACO, 2021-07-12) Delgadillo Mirquez, Liliana