Examinando por Autor "Peña, Luis E."
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- PublicaciónSólo datosAnalytic hierarchy process approach for the selection of stream-gauging sites(Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2019-10-18) Peña, Luis E.; Zapata, Mario A.; Barrios, MiguelThis investigation proposes the use of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate potential sites for stream monitoring and broadcast of flood warnings. The methodology adopts variables established by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for the selection of stream-monitoring sites and incorporates new variables associated with the stream morphometry and hydraulics. The proposed approach quantifies subjective valuations through pairwise comparisons of judgements within the selection criteria. The uncertainty of expert judgement was assessed via Monte Carlo simulations and its effects on the resulting priority vector were analysed. This approach was applied on three main mountain watershed streams at which 11 alternative stream-gauging sites were evaluated and scored. According to our findings, six variables explain 0.711 of the total weight in the priority vector for the evaluation of a candidate site. Our approach is suitable for selecting the most stable alternative location based on a multi-criteria analysis in an inter-comparison arrangement.
- PublicaciónSólo datosFlood quantiles scaling with upper soil hydraulic properties for different land uses at catchment scale(Journal of Hydrology, 2016-08-19) Peña, Luis E.; Barrios, Miguel; Francés, FélixChanges in land use within a catchment are among the causes of non-stationarity in the flood regime, as they modify the upper soil physical structure and its runoff production capacity. This paper analyzes the relation between the variation of the upper soil hydraulic properties due to changes in land use and its effect on the magnitude of peak flows: (1) incorporating fractal scaling properties to relate the effect of the static storage capacity (the sum of capillary water storage capacity in the root zone, canopy interception and surface puddles) and the upper soil vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity on the flood regime; (2) describing the effect of the spatial organization of the upper soil hydraulic properties at catchment scale; (3) examining the scale properties in the parameters of the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) probability distribution function, in relation to the upper soil hydraulic properties. This study considered the historical changes of land use in the Combeima River catchment in South America, between 1991 and 2007, using distributed hydrological modeling of daily discharges to describe the hydrological response. Through simulation of land cover scenarios, it was demonstrated that it is possible to quantify the magnitude of peak flows in scenarios of land cover changes through its Wide-Sense Simple Scaling with the upper soil hydraulic properties.
- PublicaciónSólo datosLow-Cost Alternative for the Measurement of Water Levels in Surface Water Streams(Sensors & Transducers, 2017-12-30) Peña, Luis E.; Murcia Moreno, Harold Fabián; Londoño, William; Botina, HelmanFlood risk management and water resources planning involve a deep knowledge of surface streams so that mitigation strategies and climate change adaptations can be implemented. Commercially, there is a wide range of technologies for the measurement of hydroclimatic variables; however, many of these technologies may not be affordable for institutions with limited budgets. This paper has two main objectives: 1) present the design of an ultrasound-based water level measurement system, and 2) propose a methodological alternative for the development of instruments, according to the needs of institutions conducting monitoring of surface waterbodies. To that end, the proposed methodology is based on selection processes defined according to the specific needs of each waterbody. The prototype was tested in real-world scale, with the potential to obtain accurate measurements. Lastly, we present the design of the ultrasound-based water level measurement instrument, which can be built at a low cost. Low-cost instruments can potentially contribute to the sustainable instrumental autonomy of environmental entities and help define measurement and data transmission standards based on the specific requirements of the monitoring.
- PublicaciónSólo datosNon-stationary analysis for road drainage design under land-use and climate change scenarios(Heliyon, 2022-03-25) Jiménez-U, Mónica; Peña, Luis E.; López, JesúsFrequency analysis has been the most widely used tool worldwide to dimension water-related infrastructures and evaluate flood risks. The concept of stationarity has been a common and practical hypothesis in hydrology for many years. However, in recent decades due to climate change pressure and changes in land use, it has been related to the presence of time-series trends that in hydrology indicate non-stationary effects. In this sense, the need to comprehensively address non-stationary frequency analysis has been identified. This study proposes to incorporate the non-stationary flood frequency analysis into the dimensioning process of road structures with the following objectives: i) evaluate the effect of land use on peak flow in a simulated period of 129 years, ii) evaluate covariates related to land use, and iii) evaluate covariates related to climate change. To this end, road drainage simulation exercises were carried out in three sections of the Ibagué-Cajamarca road located in Colombia. Likewise, the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape was implemented for the non-stationary analysis, and covariates related to climate variability were included, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation indices (ONI12, ONI3.4, MEI, and SOI), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index, as well as some related to the evolution of land use such as hydraulic conductivity, soil water storage in the root zone, and infiltration capacity represented in the curve number. The results indicate that the non-stationary analysis improves the prediction of maximum flows, and it is possible to obtain road drainage dimensioning that adjusts to climate and land-use variations.
- ÍtemAcceso abiertoStorm water management model simulation and evaluation of the eastern urban drainage system of Cali in the face of climate variability scenarios(2019-08-09) Ocampo, Camilo; Carvajal-Escobar, Yesid; Peña, Luis E.Occurrence of extreme hydroclimatological events associated with climatic variability and climate change, along with deficient development of urban drainage systems, have increased the occurrence of floods in cities. This study analyzes the hydraulic behavior of the urban drainage system in the east of Cali, during the occurrence of maximum rainfall events, supported by the Storm Water Management Model. Three simulation climate scenarios were developed: (i) current scenario with a return time of 2 and 10 years, (ii). A climate scenario for the year 2030 and (iii) a climate scenario for the year 2040. The model presented an acceptable grade of calibration, with a Nash-Sutcliffe number greater than 0.5 in simulated events, therefore the results obtained appropriately describe the behavior of surface runoff in the study area, in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. In this way, critical points of the drainage system were idenjpgied. This information may be potentially useful in the planning of future hydraulic works, leading to an improvement of the hydraulic behavior of the system, and the protection of life and property of the inhabitants of the city.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoUse of soil infiltration capacity and stream flow velocity to estimate physical flood vulnerability under land-use change scenarios(2023-03-20) Hernández-Atencia, Yelena; Peña, Luis E.; Muñoz-Ramos, Jader; Rojas, Isabel; Álvarez, AlexanderLand-use changes produce variations in upper soil hydraulic properties and alter the hydrological response and hydraulic behavior of streams. Thus, the combined effect of variations in soil properties and current hydraulics interacts with the exposure of structures exposed and their degree of physical vulnerability. This study aims to evaluate the effect of land-use evolution from 1976 to 2017 on the physical vulnerability of structures exposed to floods in the Combeima cathment, Colombia, proposing two novel approaches: (i) based on soil infiltration capacity variation (CN) in the basin and changes in stream flow velocity (v), (ii) through soil water storage variation in the root zone (Hu). Hydrological and hydraulic modeling and the implementation of four physical vulnerability assessment methods were performed using GIS analysis. Findings indicate that simplifying physical vulnerability estimations through CN, Hu, and (Formula presented.) variations in catchments and at cross-section resolutions is possible, allowing a detailed analysis of the land-use change effect on the vulnerability of structures. The scaling behavior of the physical vulnerability of structures was identified when Hu is defined as a scale variable and, similarly, concerning flow velocity in the stream. Therefore, applying the power law could be useful in planning processes with limited information